- How does equity dilution work in a startup?
- Equity dilution occurs when a startup issues new shares during a funding round, reducing the ownership percentage of existing shareholders such as founders and early investors. For example, if founders own 100% of 1,000,000 shares and the company issues 250,000 new shares to investors, the founders' ownership drops to 80% (1,000,000 / 1,250,000). Dilution is a natural part of raising capital — founders trade ownership percentage for capital that grows the company's absolute value.
- What is a cap table?
- A cap table (capitalization table) is a spreadsheet or database that shows the equity ownership of a company. It lists all shareholders — founders, investors, and option holders — along with their share counts, ownership percentages, and the type of equity they hold (common shares, preferred shares, options, SAFEs, or convertible notes). Cap tables are updated after every funding round and equity event.
- How do you calculate dilution after a funding round?
- To calculate post-round dilution: (1) Determine the pre-money valuation. (2) Add the investment amount to get post-money valuation. (3) Calculate new shares issued = investment ÷ price per share. (4) Price per share = pre-money valuation ÷ pre-money shares outstanding. (5) Each existing holder's new ownership = their shares ÷ (total pre-money shares + new shares + option pool shares). Quozify automates all these steps in real time.
- What is the difference between pre-money and post-money valuation?
- Pre-money valuation is a company's agreed value before new investment is added. Post-money valuation equals pre-money valuation plus the new investment. For example, a $4M pre-money valuation with $1M investment gives a $5M post-money valuation and grants investors a 20% ownership stake ($1M ÷ $5M). The distinction matters for calculating founder dilution and the price per share.
- How does a SAFE note convert to equity?
- A SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity) converts into equity at the next priced round. Conversion depends on the SAFE type: a post-money SAFE (YC standard) converts based on a set valuation cap or a discount to the priced round, whichever is more favorable to the investor. The number of shares issued = SAFE amount ÷ conversion price per share. Pre-money SAFEs dilute founders before new investors are factored in.
- What is an option pool and how does it affect dilution?
- An option pool is a block of shares reserved for employee stock options. Pre-money option pools dilute existing shareholders (founders) before investors enter — so investors effectively get their percentage on the post-pool, post-money cap table. Post-money option pools dilute everyone including the new investors. Investors typically require a pre-money option pool of 10–20% to ensure adequate equity for future hires.